Delve into the diverse history of Albania and North Macedonia from antiquity to the communist era
Become immersed in the history and modern life of Albania at Berat, an ancient fortification encompassing residences, churches and mosques
Trace North Macedonia’s fascinating past at Stobi, the largest archaeological site in the country
Nestled amidst dramatic mountains, lush valleys and crystal-clear waters, Albania and North Macedonia are rich in historical and cultural treasures. These often-overlooked Balkan nations possess a deep, intertwined history stretching from ancient times to the present, where remnants of Byzantine, Ottoman, Roman and communist influences are woven into modern life.
Albania’s vibrant capital, Tirana is bristling with history, culture and community. Set amongst colourful exteriors and lush greenery are communist-era buildings offering poignant reflections into the city's complex past. Here, we will take in a myriad of exteriors, including the National Museum which contains an iconic mosaic illustrating Albanian history from antiquity to communism. A visit to the Et’hem Bej Mosque will complement our exploration with awe-inspiring Ottoman design blending Islamic and Albanian styles and intricate frescoes. Offering a tranquil respite for travellers, it serves as a vital hub for the city and stands as a symbol of the coexistence and resilience of its people.
Dating back to the 4th century BCE, we will observe daily Albanian life within Berat’s ancient fortified walls. Though significantly damaged over time, many parts of this complex are well-preserved, featuring numerous Byzantine-era churches and Ottoman-era mosques. These structures are adorned with beautiful motifs, iconostases and frescoes by Albanian artists, including Onufri, while the complex’s hilltop location offers picturesque views of Albania's natural scenery.
Perched on a hilltop, Gjirokastër Castle boasts imposing stone walls and panoramic views. Originally built in the Bronze Age, this fortress was expanded in the 12th century and transformed into a luxurious palace in the 19th. Inside, various museums and collections showcase centuries of Albanian history, from ancient times to the present, highlighting the nation's ongoing resilience against foreign influences. We will also explore Skënduli House and Zekate House, two of Gjirokastër's best preserved homes and magnificent examples of Ottoman architecture.
We will trace Albania's ancient past through visits to the archaeological parks of Antigonea, Byllis and Apollonia. Antigonea and Byllis, once fortified settlements controlling mountain access between the Mediterranean and inland areas, played a significant historical role and boast impressive mosaic floors from the early Christian period. Apollonia, a key centre for scholars, philosophers and artists, reveals Albania's philosophical heritage with well-preserved Roman baths featuring intricate mosaics, a 4th century amphitheatre and a hillside necropolis.
Our base in North Macedonia will be Ohrid, one of the oldest human settlements in Europe. Situated on Lake Ohrid, the town offers stunning mountainside views sweeping into vivid blue waters. Here, we will take in the Ancient Theatre of Ohrid. Built in 200 BCE, it is the only Hellenistic theatre in the country and highlights the country's historic wealth and the importance of leisurely pursuits and military endeavours within the city.
Founded by Philip II of Macedon, Heraclea was a contested centre throughout its history and an important episcopal seat. From here, control of major east-west routes was established and the city also acted as a waypoint on the Via Egnatia that connected Byzantium with Rome. Meanwhile, Stobi, North Macedonia's largest archaeological site, is home to many well-preserved remains, including a lavish palace and basilica – considered the earliest evidence of Christianity in modern-day North Macedonia. Mosaics portraying animals, plants and geometrical patterns line the floors and walls, offering insight into the lives of North Macedonia's ancient elite.
Our tour concludes with a return to Albania's capital, where we will visit Durrës and Krujë. Durrës, one of Albania's oldest continuously inhabited cities, features the Forum of Anastasius and a Roman amphitheatre, providing glimpses into the wealth, religion and politics of the Roman and Byzantine eras. The impressive Fortress of Krujë, with its multiple museums, focuses on Albanian history and the country’s resistance to Ottoman forces.
During this tour, we will stay in comfortable hotels in Tirana, Gjirokastër, Elbasan and Ohrid. These clean and welcoming properties have been chosen particularly for their close proximity to our visits as we explore Albania and North Macedonia’s history and culture.
Rediscovering the Past
Albania and North Macedonia are actively working to re-establish their national identities and promote tourism through the preservation and promotion of their natural landscapes and ancient treasures.
A highlight visit in Albania will be to Butrint National Park, dating back to 800 BCE, which provides a glimpse into the country's diverse past with its massive and well-preserved archaeological complex. Here, we will be able to trace the site’s development and significance from antiquity with visits including the theatre, baths, palace and baptistery.
Recent archaeological finds in North Macedonia – such as Crnobuki near Bitola, thought to be ancient Lyncus, birthplace of Alexander the Great's grandmother (not yet open to the public) – underscore the region's efforts to rediscover its past.
Eireann Marshall
Eireann is an expert in the classical and ancient worlds who was chosen as the Top History & Culture Guide for Wanderlust magazine's World Guide Awards in 2019.
Our Tour Director is Eireann Marshall, PhD, a Research Associate and Associate Lecturer with the Open University. Educated at Barnard College, Columbia, and the universities of Birmingham and Exeter, Eireann is an expert in the classical and ancient worlds and has published several articles on ancient North Africa. She has led many tours across Europe and North Africa, and was chosen as the Top History & Culture Guide for Wanderlust magazine's World Guide Awards in 2019.
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